Psychologie a její kontexty, Vol.8, No.1

Osobnost a aktivní životní styl seniorů ve věku 65-75 let

Personality and lifestyle of seniors at the age of 65-75 years

Běla Hátlová, Otakar Fleischmann, Vlastimil Chytrý

Cílem výzkumu bylo zjistit souvislosti osobnostních charakteristik seniorů 65-75 let podle NEO Five-Factor Inventory a aktivním životním stylem. Podle pětifaktorové teorie osobnosti (McCrae & Costa, 1999) lidé v různých kulturách vykazují v průběhu života normativní vývojové změny osobnosti jako tendenci k vyšší míře přívětivosti, svědomitosti a emoční vyrovnanosti ve starším věku (Hřebíčková et al. 2010). Vzhledem k tomu, že osobnost se stabilizuje během života, dá se předpokládat, že ovlivňuje adherenci k činnostem po celý život. Předpokládáme, že preference činností spojených s aktivním životním stylem přispívá k udržení tohoto způsobu života ve stáří. Porovnávali jsme faktory osobnosti seniorů 65-75 let u skupin aktivních seniorů orientovaných na vzdělávání, pravidelný pohyb a seniorů, kteří se neúčastní žádné organizované činnosti.

Klíčová slova:
senioři, osobnost, aktivním životní styl

Research problem In the years 2007 to 2014 we conducted an individual study of seniors. This article presents you with an overview of personality factors of seniors aged 65-75 years. We discuss the issue of the relationship between personality factors seniors 65-75 years by NEO FiveFactor Inventory (Costa, PT & McCraee, RR: 1992, Czech standardization Hřebíčková & Urbánek, 2001) and active lifestyle. METHODOLOGICAL FRAME: Method: NEO fivefactor personality inventory (NEO-FFI). The most important dimensions, form the five-factors personality structure Neuroticism, Extroversion, Openness, Friendliness and Consciousness, which was named Big Five by Goldberg (Goldberg, 1993). Within the Czech Republicis a standardized psycho-diagnostic method of the NEO five-factor personality inventory Hřebičkova, M. & Urbanek,T., Testcentrum, Prague 2001 1st edition. In the entire group of probands, statistically significant relations between sexes are found. Study organization The study group consisted of 600 seniors; 200 men and 400 women ranging in age from 65 to 75 who were not diagnosed with dementia. The selection of people was determined by their will to testify. This was reflected in the number of probands. The groups the study was focused on: a) Students of the University of the Third Age, J.E.Purkyně University Ústi nad Labem, Czech Republic. b) Seniors who regularly attend organized physical activity lessons. c) Seniors who do not regularly attend any organized activity lessons. Results of experiment and discussion Groups of probands were evaluated separately in view of sex due to different life experiences and roles. The study suggests that seniors who had been in a previous life accustomed to live actively in relatively stable social peer group, have a higher tendency to actively participate in your present life, compared with other groups of seniors. They, through their active lifestyle faced not only with health, but also social problems of old age. With an overall increasing level of insecurity experienced by increasing their level of closeness and willingness to testify. Living situations of men and women in this age varies considerably. Groups of probands were evaluated separately in view of sex due to different life experiences and roles. Limiting factors of the study is that probands participated in the research on its own accord - not ensured sociological experiment purity and serenity group sizes.

Keywords:
seniors, personality, active lifestyle