Psychologie a její kontexty, Vol.8, No.2

Identifikácia stratégií zvládania nespravodlivosti v partnerskom vzťahu

The identification of coping strategies for injustice in intimate relationship

Denisa Rovenská, Ladislav Lovaš

Príspevok skúma, aké zvládacie stratégie ľudia využívajú, keď sa vyrovnávajú s prežitou nespravodlivosťou v partnerskom vzťahu. Cieľom výskumu bolo skonštruovať dotazník na zachytenie zvládacích stratégií s následnou identifikáciou faktorovej štruktúry, overením vnútornej konzistencie faktorov a špecifikovaním charakteru faktorov. Na daný účel bol zostavený 53-položkový dotazník. Výskumu sa zúčastnilo 207 respondentov s priemerným vekom 26.77 rokov (SD = 4.72). Faktorové riešenie poukázalo na päť faktorov s uspokojivou vnútornou konzistenciou: (1) spolupráca (? = 0.848), (2) sebapresadzovanie (? = 0.815), (3) pomsta (? = 0.650), (4) inštrumentálna opora (? = 0.700), (5) nonšalancia (? = 0.712). Charakter faktorov bol zisťovaný vo vzťahu k všeobecným stratégiám odrážajúcim zvládanie vo forme ochrany vlastného Self pomocou metodiky Brief COPE (Carver, 1997) a k stratégiám zahŕňajúcim faktor interakcie prostredníctvom metodiky Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory II (Rahim & Magner, 1995). Verifikácia súvislosti medzi faktormi novovzniknutého dotazníka a iných metodík ukázala, že vzniknuté faktory korelovali významne a v očakávanom smere s nástrojmi slúžiacimi k hodnoteniu konštruktov, ktoré možno pokladať za teoreticky súvisiace s konceptom zvládania. Konkrétne zistenia sú interpretované v texte príspevku.

Klíčová slova:
spravodlivosť, zvládanie nespravodlivosti, partnerský vzťah, faktorová štruktúra, psychometrické vlastnosti

Problem. Injustice appraisals follow from (a) believing that somebody‘s entitlement has been violated and (b) attributing responsibility and blame for this fact to some other agents than the person affected (Mikula, Scherer, & Athenstaedt, 1998). Social justice research has shown that people respond with negative attitudes and behaviors when they perceive unjust situations. The tradition of socio-psychological research in the context of injustice is focused on two main ways of possible responses, specifically behavioral or cognitive responses (Törnblom, 1977). However, coping with injustice in intimate relationships is a specific topic. This fact has negatively affected the amount of relevant sources in this research area. Just few previous studies were focused on the analysis of coping strategies that people use when they have been harmed by a loved one. For example, Pearlin and Schooler (1978) argue coping strategies involve: (1) self-reliance vs. advice seeking, (2) controlled reflectiveness vs. emotional discharge, (3) positive comparisons, (4) negotiation, (5) self-assertion vs. passive forebearance, (6) selective ignoring. Methods. The contribution is dealing with the development of a questionnaire to identify coping strategies used in injustice situations in intimate relationships. The intention was also focused on define the character of identified strategies in relation to: (1) the classic coping strategies which reflect coping with injustice in individual way (using Brief COPE; Carver, 1997) and (2) the coping strategies which imply the synergistic effect (using Rahim Organizational Conflict Inventory II - ROCI II; Rahim & Magner, 1995). 207 participants with an average age of 26.77 years (SD = 4.72) were involved in the research. Results and discussion. Factor solution pointed to five factors with satisfactory internal consistency (1) cooperation (? = 0.848), (2) assertivity (? = 0.815), (3) revenge (? = 0.650), (4) instrumental support (? = 0.700), (5) nonchalance (? = 0.712). Character of the items noted that respondents‘ answers did not include just strategies which are used to cope with injustice in individual way (subjective reduction of consequences arising from injustice), but especially revealed strategies that describe coping in the frame of interaction (the synergistic nature of coping). The identified coping strategies correlated with two other constructs (Brief COPE, ROCI II) in varying degrees. This fact highlights the relevance of conceptualisation of coping with injustice in intimate relationships as a multidimensional construct which has important role in series of classic coping questionnaires (that are not able to capture the subtle differences in coping implying interaction process).

Keywords:
justice, coping with injustice, intimate relationship, factor structure, psychometric characteristic