Psychologie a její kontexty, Vol.5,Supplement

Výuka první pomoci v autoškolách - zbytečnost nebo relevantní opatření s velkým potenciálem?
First aid training in driving schools - uselessness or relevant measure with considerable potential?

Petr Zámečník, Veronika Kurečková, Kateřina Böhmová, Matuš Šucha

Vzhledem k velkému potenciálu správného poskytování první pomoci k záchraně životů při dopravních nehodách je důležité sledovat reálný efekt současného systému výuky první pomoci v rámci autoškol. Tato studie se tak zaměřuje na zjištění efektivity kurzů první pomoci v autoškolách pomocí dotazníkového šetření mezi frekventanty. Šetření ukazuje, že ochota poskytovat první pomoc je vysoká, přičemž sebedůvěra ve správné provedení je relativně nízká a reálné znalosti téměř nulové. Ochotu poskytnout první pomoc navíc snižují určité okolnosti (například pokud je pacient z jiné etnické skupiny) a část respondentů by se na místě dopravní nehody chovala způsobem, který by mohl vést k dalším zraněním či úmrtí. Hlavním nedostatkem výuky v autoškolách je zcela nevyhovující časová dotace a teoretická podstata kurzu.

Klíčová slova:
první pomoc, autoškoly, výuka první pomoci, dopravní bezpečnost

Despite various traffic safety measures traffic accidents still happen. In the Czech Republic, 57 serious accidents happen every day. In situation of accident, immediate help of the bystanders can save lives and reduce damage. Providers of the first aid can also significantly shorten the time before the professional medical assistance arrives by performing the correct procedure of calling emergency line. Czech Red Cross estimates that approximately 10% of the traffic accidents victims should be saved if the bystanders were more able or willing to give them a first aid. In the Czech Republic the system of dispatcher-assisted resuscitation is very well elaborated. After calling the emergency numbers operators are ready to provide the help and advice. Therefore there are no high requirements to the medical knowledge of the first aid providers. That is why the mandatory first aid courses in driving school are only four hours long, what is from expert point of view very unsufficient.
Therefore aim of this research was to carry out screening study of effectiveness of the first aid courses in driving schools. In frame of this study was done questionnaire survey among trainees in driving schools focused on willingness and ability to provide first aid and subjective evaluation of these competences. We used adapted Adelborg's first aid questionnaire (Sp?rgeskema om f?rdselsrelateret f?rstehj?lp og genoplivning). The questionnaire was consisted of four parts. The first part affects the socio-demographic data, the second part affects the subjective evaluation of their own competencies, the third part focuses on the evaluation of the course itself and the fourth part takes the form of a test of actual knowledge of first aid. In the fourth part were respondents asked four most important questions in line with the European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation and with International first aid and resuscitation guidelines of International Federation of the Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. 1) What is the phone number emergency line; 2) How should you act when you arrive at the place of fresh traffic accident where has not been given any help yet? 3) How will you know that a person has internal bleeding in a car accident? 4) How will you know that a person has a spinal injury in a car accident? Answers were given into context with other parts of questionnaire.
There were 370 respondents mostly at the age of eighteen and nineteen who were applying for "B" driving license in four regions from thirteen in the Czech Republic. Survey shows alarming results. Promising number of willing respondents - 92% of young drivers intend to provide first aid in traffic accidents - gives in the light of other responses reason for serious concern. Despite high willingness only 58% of respondents feel competent to provide first aid, fair idea of how to act have 23% of respondents and the most common life-threatening states in a car accident is able to identify only few individuals. Such bad results are probably due to the unsufficient first aid courses in driving schools, which are focused mainly on theory and are lacking of practical training. Therefore there is strong need for change in system of first aid courses in driving schools towards more relevant forms of training.

Keywords:
first aid, driving schools, first aid training, traffic safety