Psychologie a její kontexty, Vol.7, No.1

Standardizace české verze Škály dispoziční naděje pro dospělé

Standardization of the Czech version of the Snyder´s Adult dispositional hope scale

Marie Ocisková, Irena Sobotková, Ján Praško, Vladimír Mihál

Cílem výzkumu bylo přeložit do češtiny Škálu dispoziční naděje pro dospělé, ověřit její psychometrické vlastnosti a vytvořit normy pro interpretaci výsledných skórů. Studie se zúčastnilo 394 zdravých dospělých osob. Průměrný věk probandů činil 27,1 + 11,7 let. Převažovaly ženy (n = 303). Standardizovaná škála se skládá z 12 položek. Čtyři položky měří složku naděje zvanou cesta, čtyři položky měří druhou část naděje, snahu, a zbývající položky jsou distraktory, které nejsou hodnoceny. Všichni participanti vyplnili tuto škálu, demografický dotazník a Beckův inventář deprese-II. Statistickou analýzu tvořilo několik metod – ověření realibility pomocí Cronbachovy alfy a Spearman- Brownovova koeficientu, explorační a konfirmační faktorová analýza, korelace s inventářem deprese a tvorba norem pomocí stenů. Celková míra naděje nesouvisela s věkem, ani pohlavím probandů. Reliabilita byla hodnocena pomocí Cronbachovy alfy (? = 0,82) a split-half metody (Spearman-Brownův koeficient = 0,81). Faktorová struktura škály byla potvrzena pomocí explorační i konfirmační faktorové analýzy. Celkový stupeň naděje signifikantně negativně koreloval s mírou příznaků deprese. Byly vytvořeny stenové normy. Česká verze Škály dispoziční naděje pro dospělé vykazuje adekvátní psychometrické vlastnosti a může být používána u dospělé populace.

Klíčová slova:
Škála dispoziční naděje pro dospělé, naděje, standardizace, psychometrické vlastnosti

Hope is one of important factors affecting the psychological state of individuals. It influences well-being and self-esteem, academic and athletic performance, and even the probability of repeated incarceration of offenders. It also predicts the efficacy of the systematic psychotherapy of mental disorders, as well as the supportive psychotherapy in patients with oncologic illnesses. Hope has a central position in positive and clinical psychology. The aim of the presented work was to translate the adult dispositional hope scale into Czech, verify its psychometric properties and develop the norms for interpreting the resulting scores. The scale could be helpful both in mental health research and practice. 394 healthy adults participated in the study. The average age of the probands was 27.1 + 11.7 years. There were more women (n = 303; i.e. 76.9 %) than men. The most common level of education was secondary (n = 309; 78.4 %). The participants were mainly students (n = 273; 69.3 %) or employees and self-employed individuals (n = 113; 28.7 %). Most of them were single (n = 300; 76.1 %) or married (n = 84; 21.3 %). The Adult Dispositional Hope Scale consists of 12 items. Four items measure pathways thinking (i.e. the ability to find ways to achieve one's goals) and four items assess agency (i.e. goal-directed energy). The remaining four items are fillers that are not interpreted. Apart from this scale, all participants completed a demographic questionnaire and the second version of the Beck Depression Inventory. The statistical analyses consisted of the Cronbach's alpha and Spearman-Brown coefficient analysis, the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the correlation between the standardized scale and the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and finally the creation of the norms based on the stens. The overall rate of hope was not statistically significantly associated with the subjects' age (Spearman r = -0.06, non-significant), nor with their sex (Mann-Whitney U test: U = 13,624.5, non-significant). Reliability of the whole scale was assessed by using the Cronbach's alpha (? = 0.82) and the split-half method (the Spearman-Brown coefficient = 0.81). The inner consistency of both subscales was also adequate (the pathways thinking ? = 0.71, the agency ? = 0.73). The factor structure of the scale was confirmed by the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Nevertheless, the exploratory factor analysis identified the ninth item of the scale as problematic. It saturated both the pathways thinking and agency subscale, instead of belonging solely under its agency factor. This was also reflected in the confirmatory factor analysis, although all model fit indices reached satisfactory levels. The total score of the adult dispositional hope scale was significantly negatively correlated with the intensity of depressive symptoms (BDI-II) (Pearson r = -0.41, p ? 0.001). The sten norms were created for the score of the whole scale and both subscales. The Czech version of the Adult Dispositional Hope Scale shows adequate psychometric properties and can be used in the adult population. The norms should be applied with caution in individuals, who reached a primary or vocational level of education, and those who are unemployed, divorced, widowed or older than 60 years.

Keywords:
The Adult Dispositional Hope Scale, hope, standardization, psychometric properties