Psychologie a její kontexty, Vol.9, No.2

Emocionalita a optimizmus adolescentov v kontexte ich self-konceptu

Adolescent’s Emotionality and Optimism in the Context of His/Her Self-concept

Lenka Ďuricová, Barbora Stenová

Empirická štúdia predstavuje korelačno-komparačný typ výskumu. Zameriava sa na zistenie súvislostí medzi self-konceptom súčasnej dospievajúcej populácie a jej emocionálnym prežívaním. Okrem prevažujúceho emocionálneho ladenia je predmetom výskumu aj optimizmus ako osobnostná črta vo vzťahu k self-konceptu mladého človeka. Sledované premenné sú podrobené komparácii z hľadiska rodovej príslušnosti. Výskumnú vzorku tvorí 120 adolescentov, stredoškolských študentov, vo veku 16–19 rokov (AM=17,52, SD=0,95). Použitá výskumná batéria obsahuje: Dotazník sebepojetí detí a adolescentů Piers-Harris 2 (PHCSCS-2, Obereignerů et al., 2015), Dotazník subjektívnej emocionálnej habituálnej pohody (SEHP, Džuka & Dalbert, 2002), Dotazník optimizmu-pesimizmu (LOPS, slovenská verzia Sarmány Schuller, 1992). Naše výsledky naznačujú, že self-koncept v zmysle Piersa-Harrisa je v relatívne úzkom spojení s emocionalitou adolescenta i s jeho dispozičným optimizmom.

Klíčová slova:
self-koncept, adolescencia, emócie, optimizmus

The aim of the study is to examine Slovak adolescent’s multidimensional self-concept in relation to his/her emotionality, specifically emotional habitual well-being. Except of the prevalent adolescent emotionality we are interested in optimism as a personal trait in the relationship to self-concept of the present population. All of these variables are essential components of psychological well-being, life satisfaction and quality of life. Gender differences are also examined. The empirical study of the variables and their mutual relationship presents contribution to positive psychology research. Simple correlational and comparative analysis is used. The questionnaire set comprises the following research tools: 1. Czech adaptation of Children’s and adolescent’s self-concept scale PHCSCS-2 (Obereignerů et al., 2015). It’s self-report scale that includes the subscale of the overall self-concept: Total Score (TOT) and six subscales evaluating specific areas of self-concept: Behavioural Adjustment (BEH, ?=.73), Intellectual and School Statue (INT, ?=.70), Physical Appearance and Attributes (PHY, ?=.77), Freedom from Anxiety (FRE, ?=.79), Popularity (POP, ?=.70), Happiness and Satisfaction (HAP, ?=.68). 2. Scale of Emotional Habitual Subjective Well-being – SEHP (Džuka & Dalbert, 2002) assesses the frequency of positive emotions (?=.69) and negative emotions (?=.70). 3. Slovak adaptation of the Levy Optimism – Pessimism Scale (Sarmány Schuller, 1992) consists of 16 items in a form of statements and a six grade scale of approval. Final score indicates the level of dispositional optimism (?=.79). The research group included 120 adolescents (50 % male and 50 % female), students of Slovak secondary schools, at the age from 16 to 19 years (AM = 17.52; SD =.95). The research sample was collected intentionally (age and gender). By the means of correlation analysis we found out the positive moderate statistically significant correlation between the overall self-concept and positive emotions (.39, p?.001) and positive relatively strong statistically significant correlation between the overall self-concept and dispositional optimism (.56, p?.001). Significant gender differences were confirmed in FRE subscale of self-concept (in favour of boys), positive and negative emotions (both in favour of girls) and optimism (in favour of girls). Our results about mutual relationships between adolescent self-concept, emotions and dispositional optimism correspond with previous research quoted in the discussion although older studies examined predominantly the self-esteem. Our contribution to this research area is the application of multidimensional self-assessment conception. Limitations: The research sample size, its choice and the use of the self-report tools may limit the generalizability of the findings. Adolescents with positive self-concept and higher dispositional optimism tend to experience positive emotions (important aspect of psychological well-being). By fostering positive self-concept all the competent persons (parents, teachers, educators, tutors, etc.) can moderate adolescent’s well-being.

Keywords:
self-concept, adolescents, emotions, optimism