Psychologie a její kontexty, Vol.9, No.1

Komparacia a komplementarita dvoch koncepcií črtovej emocionálnej inteligencie v dvoch vývinových obdobiach

Comparison and Complementarity of Two Concepts of Trait Emotional Intelligence in Two Developmental Stages

Lada Kaliská, Vladimír Salbot, Bilal Akbey

Príspevok sa zameriava na hlbšiu analýzu koncepcie črtovej emocionálnej inteligencie (EI) ako jedného z troch prístupov k operacionalizácii konštruktu EI. Teoretická a následne empirická verifikácia stavia na dizajne komparácie dvoch koncepcií črtovej EI (model N.S. Schutteovej (1998) a jej škálu Schutte´s Emotional Intelligence Scale /SEIS/ a model K.V. Petridesa (2009) a jeho dotazníka Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire /TEIQue-SF/) prostredníctvom dvoch štatistických analýz (posúdenie diferencií a komplementarity) u dvoch výskumných súborov (vysokoškoláci: N=138; Mvek=21.52 /SD=1.81/, 77% žien a stredoškoláci: N=154, Mvek=17.7 /SD=0.47/, 66% žien). Komparačná analýza párovým t-testom (p<0.001) ako aj vecná významnosť (d?2.00) preukázala vysoko významné rozdiely v dosiahnutej globálnej úrovni črtovej EI u oboch výskumných súborov v prospech vyššieho skóre zistenom dotazníkom TEIQue-SF. Korelačná (0.66***?r?0.72***) ako aj regresná analýza (43%-52%, p<0.001) potvrdzuje u obidvoch skupín vysoko významnú mieru vzájomného prekývania sa oboch konštruktov. V oboch prípadoch signifikantnými prediktormi (p<0.01) globálnej črtovej EI zo škály SEIS zostali faktory well-beingu, emocionalitu a sociability z dotazníka TEIQue-SF, ktoré zostali v signifikantnom vzťahu s črtovou EI zo škály SEIS aj po kontrole vplyvu ostatných faktorov (0.24***?r?0.42***). Dva modely črtovej EI sa javia vzájomne kompatibilné s istými diferenciami determinovanými ich teoretickou konceptualizáciou.

Klíčová slova:
emocionálna inteligencia, koncepcia črtovej emocionálnej inteligencie, model N.S. Schutteovej, škála SEIS, koncepcia K.V. Petridesa, dotazník TEIQue-SF, komparácia, korelačná a regresná analýza, stredoškoláci, vysokoškoláci

The ever-lasting interest in the construct of intelligence has not weaken its research exploration for more than a century. Nowadays it is possible to identify more than 70 various intelligence definitions emphasizing the need for its deeper operationalization. At the end of the last century, the fundamental baseline of this construct has become the ability to reach the personal success in life arising from the self-awareness concept providing the starting point for new intelligence concept formation. Referring to the newly formed intelligence constructs, the most verified one is the concept of emotional intelligence (further on EI, Mayer, & Salovey, 1990). The current theoretical and empirical analysis of three various EI conceptualizations (such as cognitive-emotional ability, mixed models and trait models) provokes creation of various tools for their assessment. The article is aimed at deeper analysis of trait emotional intelligence conceptualization (EI) as a part of EI model construct operationalization. The trait EI theoretical and following empirical verification is based on estimating the relation between two trait EI models: N.S. Schutte´s model (1998) and her scale Schutte´s Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS) and K.V. Petrides´ model (2009) and his questionnaire Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue-SF). Then there are, used two statistical procedures (difference and complementarity estimation) with two research samples (High school students: N=154, Mage=17.7 /SD=0.47/, 66% females and University students: N=138; Mage=21.52 /SD=1.81/, 77% females). The comparison analysis based on pair t-test (p<0.001) as well Cohen´s effect size (d?2.00) prove highly significant and meaningful differences between the global trait EI levels of both research samples separately in favor to higher global level of trait EI assessed by TEIQue-SF. The correlation analysis (0.66***?r?0.72***) as well the regression analysis (43%-52%, p<0.001) support the significant level of mutual complementarity of the constructs assessed by two trait EI instruments of both research samples. In both research samples the significant predictors (p<0.01) of global trait EI level assessed by SEIS scale were factors of well-being, emotionality and sociability from TEIQue-SF questionnaire that stated in significant relation with trait EI assessed by SEIS also while controlling for the other factors (0.24***?r?0.42***). We can conclude both models of trait EI seem to be compatible with certain differences determined by their theoretical conceptualization where Schutte´s SEIS scale is based on Mayer and Salovey´s EI model of emotional strategies. On the contrary, Petrides´ model arises from more precise, deeper and more complex analysis of various aspects related to emotion-related self-perceived abilities and behavioral dispositions. Our suggestion is to draw together various trait EI conceptualizations and create one complex trait EI model arising from the complex theoretical analysis operationalized by psychometrically valid and reliable instrument.

Keywords:
emotional intelligence, trait emotional intelligence, N.S. Schutte´s model, SEIS scale, K.V. Petrides´ model, SEIS scale, TEIQue-SF, comparison, correlation, regression, high school students, university students