Psychologie a její kontexty, Vol.10, No.1 | DOI: 10.15452/PsyX.2019.10.0003 |
Teorie plánovaného chování a její využití ve výzkumu
The theory of planned behavior and its applicability in research
Tereza Příhodová, Marek Preiss
Tato práce seznamuje s podstatou a vznikem teorie plánovaného chování. Ajzenova teorie
plánovaného chování byla aplikována u řady pozitivních i negativních aspektů chování,
kde prokázala svoji schopnost predikce skutečného chování do budoucna. Práce se tak dále
zabývá schopnostmi predikce a aplikace teorie plánovaného chování na negativní aspekty
chování, konkrétně kontraproduktivního. Seznamuje čtenáře s výsledky studií vztahující
teorii plánovaného chování a kontraproduktivní chování a jemu příbuzné koncepty. Domníváme
se, že měření úrovně a schopnost predikce výskytu nežádoucího chování ve spojitosti
s dalšími instrumenty (např. testy integrity) může být především pro budoucí zaměstnavatele
přínosnou složkou při rozhodování mezi kandidáty přijímacích řízení.
Klíčová slova:
postoje, teorie plánovaného chování, kontraproduktivní chování
The Theory of planned behavior, originating from the Theory of reasoned action, was at
first introduced by Ajzen and Fishbein in 1975 as a theoretical model predicting behavior.
The model is composed of 5 factors including attitudes, subjective norm, perceived behavioral
control, intention and actual behavior. In the model, attitudes, subjective norm and
perceived behavioral control serve as independent variables, often labelled as determinants
of studied behavior. First studies applying this model predicting behavior focused mainly
on positive aspects of behavior, such as weight loss programs, election turnout or attendance
of worship services. This article familiarizes a reader with the nature and origin of the
Theory of planned behavior and emphases behaviors on the opposite side of the spectrum,
hence negative behaviors. It is expected that participants will show higher tendencies to
report positive or pro-social
behavior, however would the same be true if researchers target
negative aspects of behavior?
For the purpose of this article, authors chose on the negative side of the spectrum specifically
counterproductive work behavior. Counterproductive work behavior is by the definition any
behavior that harms employer or an organization. Detailed analysis divides this behavior
into four categories, which are production deviance, property deviance, political deviance
and personal aggression. Each of this category is described and examples of behaviors
are provided. Thus far the prediction of the occurrence of any of these types of behavior
was detected using integrity tests. Research showed that these tests aid in the reduction
of the total amount of compensations related to for example injury at work or damage
of a work property. However, there has been a large wave of criticism concerning these
tests, especially from the aspect of social desirable responding and the use of overt type
of assessments. Therefore this article summarizes previous works and opens new spectrum
for future research focusing on behavior prediction and applicability of the Theory
of planned behavior on negative aspects of behaviors. It is further expected that the ability
to predict and measure the level of the occurrence of undesirable behavior in connection
with other instruments (such as integrity tests) could be a major contributor to decision-making
process among candidates for admission procedures. This assumption was based
on the literature review supported by number of specialists in the field, who recommend
employers to be prudent during the selection process in case of for example individuals
with the history of problematic school record. These individuals may increase their costs
associated with the deceitful behavior. Incorporations of specific techniques, such as integrity
tests or Ajzen’s Theory of planned behavior during the job interviews, would allow to
obtain tools predicting tampering behaviors at the individual level and use them during the
critical decision-making
process.
Keywords:
attitudes, theory of planned behavior, counterproductive work behavior