Psychologie a její kontexty, Vol.10, No.2

DOI: 10.15452/PsyX.2019.10.0013

Copingové strategie u sociálně vyloučených

Coping Strategies of Socially Excluded Persons

Barbora Mičková, Alena Kajanová

Cílem článku je identifikovat, jaké jsou copingové strategie u sociálně vyloučených a zjistit jejich ovlivnění vybranými sociodemografickými proměnnými (pohlaví, věk, vzdělání). Výzkumný soubor tvořily sociálně vyloučené osoby žijící v Českých Budějovicích (N=90). Metodika práce je postavená na standardizovaném dotazníku SVF 78, se 78 položkami mapujícími chování v různých zátěžových situacích. Posléze byla data transformována do 13 oblastí, které presentují jednotlivé copingové strategie. Tyto oblasti byly statisticky testovány v programu SPSS s využitím dvouvýběrových t-testů a ANOVA. Testování nepotvrdilo souvislost copingových strategií se sociodemografickými proměnnými a nejčastější využití neutrálních strategií, především pak sociální opory.

Klíčová slova:
coping, copingové strategie, SVF78, sociální exkluze.

The article aims to identify which coping strategies (positive, neutral, negative) socially excluded persons use. Social exclusion is a multidimensional issue that gravely puts a strain on a person and lowers their quality of life. In the Czech Republic, social exclusion also has a significant ethnic dimension since the Romani make up approximately 80 % of the socially excluded persons. The article determines how selected socio-demographic variables (gender, age, education) can influence coping strategies (either emotion-focused or problem-focused coping), which strive to manage external and internal factors that stressed persons perceive as threatening their resources. The quantitative research sample consists of socially excluded persons that live in České Budějovice (N=90) between the ages 18 and 55 (meaning the adult population). The respondents were randomly selected disregarding their ethnicity. The questionnaires were anonymously distributed with informed consent during spring 2018. The research method of this study is based on the SVG 78 standardized questionnaire and includes the mapping of 78 items focusing on behavior in various challenging situations. The questionnaire was assembled as a Likert scale for the respondents to fill out. The data was subsequently processed and categorized into 13 areas representing either negative (tendency to flee, blaming oneself for the situation, or perseverance), neutral (seeking social support, avoiding the issue), or positive coping strategies (situation control, reaction control, undervaluation, etc.). These areas were then statistically tested in the SPSS program by using double-choice t-tests and ANOVA. The p-value was set to 95 %. The statistical analysis of the data did not confirm a relevant relation between coping strategies and the gender of the respondents. According to the results, there is a certain connection between gender and the choice of coping strategies, in which female respondents tend to make use of emotion-focused coping strategies. There was some degree of correlation between the choice of coping strategies and age of the respondents. The data showed that negative coping strategies are frequently used by younger respondents – strategies that can make persons using them inflexible and can even lead to psychological disorders. According to the data, there is no relevant connection between coping strategies and the education level. These results are very interesting since previous research stated that persons with lower education levels tend to use negative coping strategies more often than persons with higher education levels. Another interesting result is the data on which coping strategies are used the most frequently by socially excluded individuals. The respondents of this study chose to most often use neutral coping strategies such as social support. The assumption at the start of the research was that such persons would rather use negative coping strategies. The article concludes that the issue of coping strategies and socially excluded persons needs to be further explored and expanded by more factors that could influence the use of certain coping strategies.

Keywords:
coping, coping strategies, SVF78, social exclusion.